Racing setup

In auto racing, the racing setup or car setup is the set of adjustments made to the vehicle in order to optimize its behaviour (performance, handling, reliability, etc.). Adjustments can occur in suspensions, brakes, transmission , and many others.

Aftermarket modifications and adjustments to affect handling

The following trends will apply in most cases, but there can be exceptions to some of these. Generally changes should be made one at a time, in small steps.

Component	Reduce Under-steer	Reduce Over-steer
Weight distribution	centre of gravity towards rear	centre of gravity towards front
Front shock absorber	softer	stiffer
Rear shock absorber	stiffer	softer
Front sway bar	softer	stiffer
Rear sway bar	stiffer	softer
Front tire selection1	larger contact area²	smaller contact area
Rear tire selection	smaller contact area	larger contact area²
Front wheel rim width or diameter	larger²	smaller
Rear wheel rim width or diameter	smaller	larger²
Front tire pressure*	higher pressure	lower pressure
Rear tire pressure*	lower pressure	higher pressure
Front wheel camber	increase negative camber	reduce negative camber
Rear wheel camber	reduce negative camber	increase negative camber
Rear spoiler	smaller	larger
Front height (because these usually   affect camber and roll resistance)	lower front end	raise front end
Rear height	raise rear end	lower rear end
Front toe in	decrease	increase
Rear toe in	decrease	increase
1) tyre contact area can be increased by using wider tyres, or tyres with fewer grooves in the tread pattern. Of course fewer grooves has the opposite effect in wet weather or other poor road conditions. 2) These also improve road holding, under most conditions. * Actually every tire has its "optimum" pressure at which it makes the most grip. Above this grip slowly quickly and below this it drops slowly. Just keep this in mind so that if you find dropping pressure improves that end of the car or adding pressure lowers it.

In addition, lowering the centre of gravity will always help the handling (as well as reduce the chance of roll-over). This can be done to some extent by using plastic windows (or none) and light roof, hood (bonnet) and boot (trunk) lid materials, by reducing the ground clearance, etc. Increasing the track with "reversed" wheels will have a similar effect, but remember that the wider the car the less spare room it has on the road and the farther you may have to swerve to miss an obstacle. Stiffer springs and/or shocks, both front and rear, will generally improve handling, at the expense of comfort on small bumps. Performance suspension kits are available. Light alloy (mostly aluminium or magnesium) wheels improve handling and ride as well as appearance.

The car's roll centre is the other fundamental piece of the equation. Care must be taken to avoid lowering the centre of gravity past the car's roll centre. The distance between the car's centre of gravity and its roll centre is known as the roll couple, or the length that the car rolls around. Ideally, if the roll centre and the centre of gravity occupy the same space, the car should exhibit zero body roll.

Moment of inertia can be reduced by using lighter bumpers and wings (fenders), or none at all.

See also

• Car handling
• Car tuning, the hobby of modifying a car
• Coil bind
• Oversteer
• Understeer
• Vehicle dynamics

External links

• Setup Matrix (for virtual racing)
• Physics of Racing Series
• MaxQData - pocket pc software for automotive data acquisition for testing, tuning, and racing